PS2_p2

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//Click on the GSE numbers, e.g PS1 (K-2) - POC - 2, in the table below to reach additional information about each GSE. // ||  || Students demonstrate an understanding of energy by…**
 * Grade Span Expectations (K-4) ||   || Grade Span Expectations (5-8) ||   ||  Grade Span Expectations (HS)
 * **PS2 (K-2) - 5

5a demonstrating when a shadow will be created using sunny versus cloudy days. || **PS2 (3-4) - 5 Students demonstrate an understanding of energy by…**

5a investigating __observable effects of light using a variety of light sources__ (e.g., light travels in a straight line until it interacts with an object, blocked light rays produce shadows).

__5b predicting, describing, and investigating how light rays are reflected, refracted, or absorbed__ || **PS2 (5-6) - 7 Students demonstrate an understanding of heat energy by…**

__7a identifying real world applications where heat energy is transferred and showing the direction that the heat energy flows__. || **PS2 (7-8) - 7 Students demonstrate an understanding of heat energy by…**

__7a designing a diagram, model, or analogy to show or describe the motion of molecules for a material in a warmer and cooler state.

7b explaining the difference among conduction, convection and radiation and creating a diagram to explain how heat energy travels in different directions and through different materials by each of these methods.__

|| **PS2 (9-11) - 6 Students demonstrate an understanding of physical, chemical, and nuclear changes by …**

__6a writing simple balanced chemical equations to represent chemical reactions and illustrate the conservation of matter.

6b identifying whether a given chemical reaction or a biological process will release or consume energy (endothermic and exothermic) based on the information provided (e.g. given a table of energy values for reactants and products or an energy diagram).

6c explaining and/or modeling how the nuclear make-up of atoms governs alpha and beta emissions creating changes in the nucleus of an atom results in the formation of new elements.__

6d explaining the concept of half-life and using the half-life principal to predict the approximate age of a material.

__6e differentiating between fission and fusion in nuclear reactions and their relation to element changes and energy formation.__  || **Example Extension(s)

PS2 (Ext) - 6 Students demonstrate an understanding of physical, chemical, and nuclear changes by…**

__6aa using chemical equations and information about molar masses to predict quantitatively the masses of reactants and products in chemical reactions.

6bb using quantitative heat flow or calorimetric investigations to determine the energy released or consumed in the process.

6bbb qualitatively and/or quantitatively predicting reactants and products in a prescribed investigation. (e.g. Acid-base. Redox__**__).__** ||