PS1+(9-11)+-+4


 * Students demonstrate an understanding of the structure of matter by …**

__4a comparing the three subatomic particles of atoms (protons, electrons, neutrons) and their location within an atom, their relative mass, and their charge.

4b writing formulae for compounds and developing basic (excluding transition elements) models using electron structure.

4c explaining or modeling how the electron configuration of atoms governs how atoms interact with one another (e.g. covalent, hydrogen and ionic bonding).__

What do these GSEs mean?
Students will be able to look at matter on the atomic level and understand its structure. Students will also learn how to construct formulas to represent compounds and make physical representations of those same compounds. Students will understand how atoms interact with each other and what roles the different subatomic particles play in those interactions.

What subtopics do students need to address to understand these GSEs?

 * subatomic particles
 * electron configurations
 * charges
 * the mechanics of bonding (ionic, covalent, hydrogen)
 * Octet Rule
 * Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
 * Writing Formulas
 * Molecular Geometry
 * ionic bonding
 * covalent bonding
 * intermolecular forces
 * polar bonding
 * balancing equations

What ideas to students need to understand before they can address the topics described above?

 * Fluency with the periodic table
 * Atomic Theory/Structure
 * Octet Rule
 * Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

What misconceptions are students likely to have about these topics?

 * all atoms are charged
 * That loss of electrons results in a cation
 * Protons get smaller across a period
 * When shielding effect is high, it attracts electrons
 * High ionization energy results in positively charged atom
 * all atoms can bond
 * atoms can only bond with like elements
 * atoms can have unlimited numbers electrons

What phenomena and representations help students understand these topics?
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 * ball and stick models of molecules


 * molecular geometry labs