PS1+(7-8)+-+4


 * Students demonstrate an understanding of states of matter by …**

__4a creating diagrams or models that represent the states of matter at the molecular level.

4b explaining the effect of increased and decreased heat energy on the motion and arrangement of molecules.__

4c observing the physical processes of evaporation and condensation, or freezing and melting, and __describe these changes in terms of molecular motion and conservation of mass.__

What do these GSEs mean? What subtopics do students need to address to understand these GSEs?
__4a creating diagrams or models that represent the states of matter at the molecular level.__
 * Differentiating phases.
 * Density
 * molecular motion, e.g. gases move freely, etc.
 * kinetic molecular theory
 * states of matter, phases
 * diagrams that represent phases
 * macroscopic representations of phases.
 * melting of ice, boiling of water.
 * temperature measurements.

4c observing the physical processes of evaporation and condensation, or freezing and melting, and __describe these changes in terms of molecular motion and conservation of mass.__


 * Evaporation - random molecules escaping (into the air)
 * Condensation
 * Freezing
 * Melting
 * Bonds, breaking bonds
 * Vapor Pressure
 * Water boils at different rates at different places.
 * Conservation of mass (macroscopic and microscopic)
 * "Conservation"
 * Evaporation vs Boiling
 * Kinetic energy related motion
 * Cohesive Forces (Intramolecular Bonds) Van der Waals attraction Hydrogen
 * Why liquids flow

Compare mass of melting ice.

What phenomena and representations help students understand these topics?
Richard Feynman describes the motion of atoms... media type="youtube" key="v3pYRn5j7oI" height="344" width="425"

media type="custom" key="3635453" Full Screen Version available at [|Science Footprints]

What activities or activity sequences can be used to address these GSEs?
Typical treatment of phase changes: Powerpoint, definitions from text.

Released NECAP Items

 * @NECAP 2008 Gr 08 02
 * @NECAP 2008 Gr 08 02 Analysis
 * @NECAP 2009 Gr 8 04
 * @NECAP 2009 Gr 8 04 Analysis
 * @NECAP 2009 Gr 8 01
 * @NECAP 2009 Gr 8 01 Analysis